Ecosystems Curriculum

Introduction

Endnotes for Introduction

  • 1 For a review of research related to learning about ecosystems see Grotzer, T.A. & Bell-Basca, B. (2000, April). Helping Students to Grasp the Underlying Causal Structures when Learning About Ecosystems: How Does it Impact Understanding? Paper presented at the annual conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, New Orleans, LA.
  • 2 Grotzer, T.A. (1989). Can children learn to understand complex causal relationships?: A pilot study. Unpublished qualifying paper. Cambridge, MA; Harvard University.
  • 3 Griffiths, A. K., & Grant, B. A. (1985). High school students' understanding of food webs: Identification of a learning hierarchy and related misconceptions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 22(5): 421-436.
  •    Smith, E. L., & Anderson, C. W. (1986, April). Alternative conceptions of matter cycling in ecosystems. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
  • 4 Leach, J., Konicek, R., & Shapiro, B., (1992, April). The ideas used by British and North American school children to interpret the phenomenon of decay: a cross-cultural study. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
  • 5 Webb, P. & Boltt, G. (1990). Food chain to food web: A natural progression?. Journal of Biological Education, 24(3), 187-190.
  •    Leach, J., Konicek, R., & Shapiro, B., (1992).
  • 6 Brinkman, F., & Boschhuizen, R. (1989). Preinstructional ideas in biology: A survey in relation with different research methods on concepts of health and energy. In M.T. Voorbach, & L.G.M. Prick (Eds.), Teacher Education 5: Research and Developments in Teacher Education in the Netherlands, (pp. 75-90).
  • 7 Leach, J., Driver, R., Scott, P., & Wood-Robinson, C. (1996). Children’s ideas about ecology 3: Ideas found in children aged 5-16 about the interdependency of organisms. International Journal of Science Education, 18, 19-34.